{"id":8724,"date":"2021-08-02T13:19:22","year":"2021","link":"https:\/\/rigasveseliba.lv\/lv\/aktualitates\/ja-berns-slimo-vai-jadodas-pie-imunologa-svarigakais-kas-vecakam-jazina-par-imunitati\/","type":"aktualitates","slug":"ja-berns-slimo-vai-jadodas-pie-imunologa-svarigakais-kas-vecakam-jazina-par-imunitati","featured_image":"https:\/\/rigasveseliba.lv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/berns-1.jpg","title":"Ja b\u0113rns slimo, vai j\u0101dodas pie imunologa? Svar\u012bg\u0101kais, kas vec\u0101kam j\u0101zina par imunit\u0101ti","content":"
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Raksts p\u0101rpublic\u0113ts un tapis sadarb\u012bb\u0101 ar \u0123imenes port\u0101lu\u00a0www.mammamuntetiem.lv<\/a><\/p>\n Im\u016bnsist\u0113mu m\u0113s varam sal\u012bdzin\u0101t ar savstarp\u0113ji labi saska\u0146otu organiz\u0101ciju, kur\u0101 katrs str\u0101d\u0101, lai aizsarg\u0101tu organismu, t\u0101p\u0113c katrs posms taj\u0101 ir svar\u012bgs un jebkuri trauc\u0113jumi k\u0101d\u0101 no tiem var izrais\u012bt im\u016bnsist\u0113mas defic\u012btu.<\/span><\/p>\n \u201cVisbie\u017e\u0101k aizdomas par im\u016bnsist\u0113mas defic\u012btu \u0101rstam var rasties uzklausot vec\u0101ku s\u016bdz\u012bbas: b\u0113rns bie\u017ei un ilgsto\u0161i slimo, vi\u0146am ir rakstur\u012bgas parazit\u0101ras vai hroniskas s\u0113n\u012b\u0161u infekcijas, s\u0101pes v\u0113der\u0101, ilgsto\u0161s klepus, nepietieko\u0161s svara pieaugums, aizkav\u0113ta aug\u0161ana, \u0101das iekaisumi, limfmezglu izmai\u0146as, neskaidras izmai\u0146as anal\u012bz\u0113s, iedzimtas org\u0101nu vai skeleta anom\u0101lijas,\u201d st\u0101sta pediatre Mariana Ri\u017eikova.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Medic\u012bn\u0101 iz\u0161\u0137ir prim\u0101ro un sekund\u0101ro im\u016bnsist\u0113mas nepietiekam\u012bbu.<\/span> Prim\u0101rais im\u016bndefic\u012bts ir viena no gr\u016bt\u0101k diagnostic\u0113jamaj\u0101m slim\u012bbu grup\u0101m, jo tam nav specifisku simptomu.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n Sekund\u0101rais im\u016bndefic\u012bts<\/u>\u00a0ir dz\u012bves laik\u0101 ieg\u016bti im\u016bnsist\u0113mas trauc\u0113jumi. To var izrais\u012bt p\u0101rslimotas v\u012brusu infekcijas (piem\u0113ram, Ep\u0161teina-Bara v\u012bruss, citomegalov\u012bruss), bakteri\u0101las infekcijas (piem\u0113ram, stafilokoku infekcijas), reimatolo\u0123iskas saslim\u0161anas, \u013caundab\u012bgi audz\u0113ji, kas rada olbaltumvielu un\/vai limfoc\u012btu zudumu. \u0160aj\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 im\u016bnsist\u0113ma uz slim\u012bbas izrais\u012bt\u0101ju atbild neadekv\u0101ti vai neatbild visp\u0101r.<\/span> \nS\u016bdz\u012bbas par atk\u0101rtot\u0101m bakteri\u0101l\u0101m infekcij\u0101m gada laik\u0101:<\/span><\/p>\n Specifisko prepar\u0101tu lieto\u0161ana ir pie\u013caujama tikai stingr\u0101 \u0101rsta kontrol\u0113, jo tikai vi\u0146\u0161 var nov\u0113rt\u0113t gaid\u0101mo efektu \u2013 vai prepar\u0101ts var stimul\u0113t, nom\u0101kt vai p\u0101rveidot im\u016bnsist\u0113mas konkr\u0113t\u0101 posma defektu.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n Im\u016bnsist\u0113mas trauc\u0113jumu \u0101rst\u0113\u0161ana ir sare\u017e\u0123\u012bts terapijas komplekss. Smag\u0101kajos gad\u012bjumos \u0101rst\u0113\u0161an\u0101 pielieto kaulu smadze\u0146u vai cilmes \u0161\u016bnu transplant\u0101ciju, ta\u010du bie\u017e\u0101k \u2013 im\u016bnoglobul\u012bnu,\u00a0 interferonu,\u00a0 ar\u012b bakteri\u0101las izcelsmes prepar\u0101tus (to efekts ir l\u012bdz\u012bgs vakcin\u0101cijai), augu izcelsmes prepar\u0101tus.<\/span><\/p>\n Min\u0113tie prepar\u0101ti at\u0161\u0137iras p\u0113c to darb\u012bbas meh\u0101nisma, tie sp\u0113j ietekm\u0113t da\u017e\u0101dus im\u016bnsist\u0113mas posmus, ta\u010du katram ir savi blakusefekti un kontrindik\u0101cijas. L\u012bdz ar to specifisko prepar\u0101tu lieto\u0161ana ir pie\u013caujama tikai stingr\u0101 \u0101rsta kontrol\u0113, jo tikai vi\u0146\u0161 var nov\u0113rt\u0113t gaid\u0101mo efektu \u2013 vai prepar\u0101ts var stimul\u0113t, nom\u0101kt vai p\u0101rveidot im\u016bnsist\u0113mas konkr\u0113t\u0101 posma defektu. Z\u0101\u013cu izv\u0113l\u0113 j\u0101vad\u0101s p\u0113c principa, lai t\u0101s nenodara \u013caunu cit\u0101m imunit\u0101tes \u0161\u016bn\u0101m.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Augu izcelsmes prepar\u0101tu darb\u012bbas pamat\u0101 ir pa\u0161a cilv\u0113ka organisma aizsargsp\u0113ju palielin\u0101\u0161ana: tie pal\u012bdz paaugstin\u0101t lok\u0101lu iztur\u012bbu pret agres\u012bviem \u0101r\u0113j\u0101s vides faktoriem. Augu prepar\u0101tu darb\u012bba ir maig\u0101ka, kas jo \u012bpa\u0161i ir svar\u012bgi, ja runa ir par b\u0113rna organismu, ta\u010du ar\u012b to lieto\u0161an\u0101 ir ierobe\u017eojumi (aler\u0123ijas, neirolo\u0123iskas patalo\u0123ijas, paaugstin\u0101ts asinsspiediens, autoim\u016bnas slim\u012bbas). Visbie\u017e\u0101k, lai stimul\u0113tu organisma aizsardz\u012bbas sp\u0113jas, izmanto ehinaceju, \u017ee\u0146\u0161e\u0146u, \u0137iploku, s\u012bpolu, alvejas un citrusaugu ekstraktus, medu.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Organisma pretest\u012bbas sp\u0113jas samazina p\u0101rtikas produkti, kuri p\u0101rs\u0101tin\u0101ti ar stabilizatoriem un konservantiem.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n Nemedikamentoz\u0101 terapija ir fizioproced\u016bras (fizisko faktoru iedarb\u012bba \u2013 gaiss, karstums, aukstums, apstaro\u0161ana, elektriskas str\u0101vas ietekme), kas iedarbojas uz\u00a0 \u0101das virspus\u0113jiem asinsvadiem. Netie\u0161i iedarboties uz im\u016bnorg\u0101niem pal\u012bdz ar\u012b\u00a0 refleksmas\u0101\u017ea, akupunkt\u016bra.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n \nImunit\u0101tes stiprin\u0101\u0161an\u0101 svar\u012bgs faktors ir miega un atp\u016btas re\u017e\u012bms. Pier\u0101d\u012bts, ka imunit\u0101ti nom\u0101c stress. T\u0101p\u0113c b\u0113rni bie\u017e\u0101k slimo uzs\u0101kot b\u0113rnud\u0101rza un skolas gaitas, k\u0101 ar\u012b br\u012b\u017eos, kad organisms pak\u013cauts p\u0101rslodzei, piem\u0113ram, eks\u0101menu laik\u0101. P\u0101rslodzi organisms var kompens\u0113t k\u0101du br\u012bdi, ta\u010du p\u0113c tam nepiecie\u0161ams laiks, lai tas var\u0113tu atjaunot zudu\u0161\u0101s sp\u0113ka rezerves. Ar\u012b p\u0113c slimo\u0161anas organisma imunit\u0101te ir pazemin\u0101ta, un \u0161aj\u0101\u00a0laik\u0101 cilv\u0113kam sevi \u012bpa\u0161i ir j\u0101saudz\u0113. P\u0101r\u0101k liela slodze var rad\u012bt ide\u0101lus apst\u0101k\u013cus n\u0101kamajai infekcijai, bet, ja cilv\u0113ks bie\u017ei slimo, im\u016bnsist\u0113ma nesp\u0113j atjaunoties un tas atkal provoc\u0113 n\u0101kamo saslim\u0161anu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Organisma aizsardz\u012bbas stiprin\u0101\u0161an\u0101 lielu lomu sp\u0113l\u0113 vesel\u012bgs uzturs. Pier\u0101d\u012bts, ka m\u016bsu pretest\u012bbas sp\u0113jas samazina p\u0101rtikas produkti, kuri p\u0101rs\u0101tin\u0101ti ar stabilizatoriem un konservantiem. Kr\u0101sain\u0101s limon\u0101des, sint\u0113tiski saldumi samazina im\u016bno \u0161\u016bnu membr\u0101nas stabilit\u0101ti, tie nelabv\u0113l\u012bgi ietekm\u0113 ar\u012b ku\u0146\u0123a un zarnu trakta mikrofloru. Turkl\u0101t konservanti nereti izraisa aler\u0123iskas reakcijas. Ikdien\u0101 p\u0113c iesp\u0113jas vair\u0101k vajadz\u0113tu izv\u0113l\u0113ties dabisku p\u0101rtiku, uztur\u0101 lietot daudz d\u0101rze\u0146u un sak\u0146u. Imunit\u0101tes stiprin\u0101\u0161an\u0101 lielu lomu sp\u0113l\u0113 ar\u012b fizisk\u0101s aktivit\u0101tes. Im\u016bn\u0161\u016bnas, kas veidojas kaulu smadzen\u0113s, cirkul\u0113 kop\u0113j\u0101 asinsrit\u0113 un tiek izn\u0113s\u0101tas pa visu organismu. Fizisk\u0101s aktivit\u0101tes veicina asinscirkul\u0101ciju, l\u012bdz ar to tiek aktiviz\u0113ta ar\u012b \u0161o \u0161\u016bnu darb\u012bba.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Vec\u0101ki no savas puses var raudz\u012bt, lai b\u0113rns pak\u0101peniski tiktu nor\u016bd\u012bts, lai vi\u0146\u0161 tiktu \u0123\u0113rbts atbilsto\u0161i laika apst\u0101k\u013ciem (svar\u012bgi b\u0113rnu netuntul\u0113t, lai vi\u0146\u0161 nep\u0101rkarstu), vi\u0146am b\u016btu pilnv\u0113rt\u012bgs uzturs, tiktu iev\u0113rots dienas re\u017e\u012bms, b\u016btu pastaigas svaiga gais\u0101 un fiziskas aktivit\u0101tes.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n LASI AR\u012a:\u00a0Imunit\u0101tes kritiskie periodi no b\u0113rna dzim\u0161anas l\u012bdz pusaud\u017ea vecumam<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\nKas ir im\u016bndefic\u012bts?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
\nPrim\u0101rais im\u016bndefic\u012bts<\/u>\u00a0ir iedzimts, to izraisa \u0123en\u0113tiski im\u016bnsist\u0113mas funkciju trauc\u0113jumi. Pirmie simptomi visbie\u017e\u0101k par\u0101d\u0101s jau z\u012bdai\u0146a vecum\u0101, bet var izpausties ar\u012b v\u0113l\u0101k un pak\u0101peniski. Prim\u0101rais im\u016bndefic\u012bts ir viena no gr\u016bt\u0101k diagnostic\u0113jamaj\u0101m slim\u012bbu grup\u0101m, jo tam nav specifisku simptomu, k\u0101 ar\u012b tas var norit\u0113t bez kl\u012bniskiem simptomiem. Paz\u012bmes, kas var nor\u0101d\u012bt uz prim\u0101ro im\u016bndefic\u012btu ir bie\u017ea slimo\u0161ana ar da\u017e\u0101d\u0101m infekciju slim\u012bb\u0101m, kas atk\u0101rtojas un slikti padodas \u0101rst\u0113\u0161anai, smagas aler\u0123ijas, \u013caundab\u012bgi audz\u0113ji, asins \u0161\u016bnu slim\u012bbas, da\u017e\u0101das att\u012bst\u012bbas anom\u0101lijas, skeletu vai iek\u0161\u0113jo org\u0101nu iedzimti defekti. Ja \u0101rstam ir aizdomas par prim\u0101ro im\u016bndefic\u012btu, b\u0113rnu aizliegts vakcin\u0113t ar konkr\u0113t\u0101m vakc\u012bn\u0101m, kas satur dz\u012bvus organismus l\u012bdz vi\u0146a imunolo\u0123isk\u0101 st\u0101vok\u013ca noskaidro\u0161anai.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n
\nJ\u0101atceras, ka izmai\u0146as tikai imunolo\u0123iskaj\u0101s anal\u012bz\u0113s, ja nav kl\u012bnisku simptomu, ir uzskat\u0101mas par riska faktoru sekund\u0101r\u0101 im\u016bndefic\u012bta att\u012bst\u012bbai, t\u0101p\u0113c nepiecie\u0161ama\u00a0 regul\u0101ra nov\u0113ro\u0161ana pie \u0101rsta.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>
\n\u00a0<\/span>
\nPaz\u012bmes, kas liecina, ka b\u0113rnam ir nepiecie\u0161ama imunologa konsult\u0101cija\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n
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Im\u016bndefic\u012btu \u0101rst\u0113\u0161anas iesp\u0113jas<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
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K\u0101 stiprin\u0101t imunit\u0101ti varam m\u0113s pa\u0161i?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n