{"id":48062,"date":"2024-10-29T16:33:15","year":"2024","link":"https:\/\/rigasveseliba.lv\/lv\/aktualitates\/acu-slimibas-un-to-profilakse\/","type":"aktualitates","slug":"acu-slimibas-un-to-profilakse","featured_image":"https:\/\/rigasveseliba.lv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Acu_slimibas.jpg","title":"Acu slim\u012bbas un to profilakse","content":"<p>Galvenie fakti, kas b\u016btu j\u0101zina, lai laikus par\u016bp\u0113tos un saudz\u0113tu savu vai savu tuvinieku redzi un acu vesel\u012bbu un izvair\u012btos no acu saslim\u0161an\u0101m vai diagnostic\u0113tu t\u0101s laic\u012bgi.<\/p>\n<p>Da\u017eas bie\u017e\u0101k\u0101s atbildes uz pacientu jaut\u0101jumiem, kas saist\u012btas ar redzi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>B\u0113rniem<\/strong> oblig\u0101t\u0101 acu p\u0101rbaude pie oftalmologa ir 1 gada, 3 gadu un pirmskolas vecum\u0101. Lai agr\u012bn\u0101 vecum\u0101 diagnostic\u0113tu iedzimtas saslim\u0161anas, ja t\u0101das ir, un izvair\u012btos no ambliopijas jeb t\u0101 saucam\u0101s \u201cslink\u0101s acs\u201d, kad acs ir anatomiski un funkcion\u0101li vesela, bet smadzenes nav iem\u0101c\u012bju\u0161\u0101s ar \u0161o aci skat\u012bties un nepiecie\u0161am\u012bbas gad\u012bjum\u0101 to labotu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Miopija.<\/strong> Cilv\u0113kiem ar miopiju acu \u0101rsta kontrole, ja vien \u0101rsts nav noteicis sav\u0101d\u0101k, ir vienu reizi gad\u0101. Cilv\u0113kiem ar miopiju acs \u0101bols ir liel\u0101ks \u2013 t\u012bklene pl\u0101n\u0101ka un ir risks veidoties t\u012bklenes pl\u012bsumiem, t\u0101p\u0113c acu \u0101rstam svar\u012bgi nov\u0113rt\u0113t t\u012bklenes perif\u0113riju un nepiecie\u0161am\u012bbas gad\u012bjum\u0101 veikt papildus manipul\u0101cijas.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Presbiopija <\/strong>jeb redzes pasliktin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s tuvum\u0101 (parasti s\u0101kas ar fokus\u0113\u0161an\u0101s trauc\u0113jumiem da\u017e\u0101dos att\u0101lumos) ir norm\u0101ls fiziolo\u0123isks noveco\u0161an\u0101s process, kas skar piln\u012bgi visus cilv\u0113kus. Parasti m\u016bsdien\u0101s tas s\u0101kas jau \u0101tr\u0101k, parasti no 40 \u2013 45 gadu vecuma, bet var norit\u0113t da\u017e\u0101di atkar\u012bb\u0101 no eso\u0161\u0101s refrakcijas. Piem\u0113ram, cilv\u0113kiem ar miopiju t\u0101 norit v\u0113l\u0101k un s\u0101kotn\u0113ji ir nepiecie\u0161ams vienk\u0101r\u0161i no\u0146emt t\u0101luma brilles, lai labi redz\u0113tu tuvum\u0101. Presbiopijas gad\u012bjum\u0101 brilles var n\u0101kties nomain\u012bt uz stipr\u0101k\u0101m ik p\u0113c 2-5 gadiem, kas ir \u013coti individu\u0101li.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Saus\u0101s acs sindroms<\/strong> raksturojas ar asaro\u0161anu v\u0113j\u0101, saul\u0113, grau\u0161anas saj\u016btu, acu aps\u0101rtumu vakar\u0101 vai ar\u012b no r\u012bta piece\u013coties. No r\u012btiem ir gr\u016bt\u012bbas atv\u0113rt acis. Var b\u016bt ar\u012b redzes miglo\u0161an\u0101s, kas p\u0101riet, acis pamirk\u0161\u0137inot. Provoc\u0113jo\u0161ie faktori:\n<ul>\n<li>apk\u0101rt\u0113j\u0101s vides faktori: kondicionieri, apkures sist\u0113mas, kas gaisu sausina, darbs ar datoru (skatoties vien\u0101 att\u0101lum\u0101 tiek nom\u0101kts mirk\u0161\u0137in\u0101\u0161anas reflekss, bet asaru pl\u0113v\u012bte, kas nodro\u0161ina komforta saj\u016btu un skaidru redzi, mitrinot un p\u0101rkl\u0101jot radzeni, atjaunojas, acis mirk\u0161\u0137inot).<\/li>\n<li>da\u017e\u0101das sist\u0113miskas organisma un ar\u012b acu saslim\u0161anas, piem\u0113ram, cukura diab\u0113ts, vairogdziedzera saslim\u0161anas, reimatolo\u0123iskas saslim\u0161anas un hormon\u0101las izmai\u0146as sieviet\u0113m p\u0113c 50 gadu vecuma. Blefar\u012bts. Antiglaukomatozie medikamenti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ja pacientam ir k\u0101ds no provoc\u0113jo\u0161iem faktoriem, iesaku lietot m\u0101ksl\u012bg\u0101s asaras 3-6 reizes dien\u0101 un uz nakti ielikt acu gelu, kas stabiliz\u0113 asaru pl\u0113v\u012bti nakts laik\u0101 atkar\u012bb\u0101 no simptomu izpausmes vai p\u0113c \u0101rsta ieteikumiem. M\u0101ksl\u012bg\u0101s asaras pareizi b\u016btu lietot, kam\u0113r negat\u012bvos simptomus pacients v\u0113l neizj\u016bt, nevis tad, kad jau par\u0101d\u012bju\u0161ies simptomi. Pacientiem, kas str\u0101d\u0101 ar datoru vai ilgsto\u0161i lieto viedier\u012bces, ieteicams iev\u0113rot tuvuma darba ergonomiku:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>45-15 (45 min\u016btes str\u0101d\u0101jam, 15 min\u016btes atp\u016btin\u0101m acis, fokus\u0113jot skatienu da\u017e\u0101dos att\u0101lumos);<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>20-20-6 (20 min\u016btes str\u0101d\u0101jam, 20 sekundes skat\u0101mies vismaz 6 metru t\u0101lum\u0101 un atkal 20 min\u016btes str\u0101d\u0101jam).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tas pal\u012bdz\u0113s ar\u012b atp\u016btin\u0101t acis, lai dienas beig\u0101s nav diskomforta saj\u016bta. T\u0101pat nedr\u012bkst aizmirst, ka s\u0113do\u0161s darbs rada plecu musku\u013cu sasprindzin\u0101jumu, kas ilgtermi\u0146\u0101 var negat\u012bvi ietekm\u0113t asinsvadus, taj\u0101 skait\u0101 ar\u012b t\u012bklenes asinsvadus, kas var rad\u012bt ar\u012b redzes trauc\u0113jumus. T\u0101d\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 profilaktiski ieteicama fizioterapeita konsult\u0101cija ar kakla da\u013cas vingrojumu apm\u0101c\u012bbu, ko var veikt darba laik\u0101, k\u0101 ar\u012b kakla da\u013cas mas\u0101\u017ea.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Kontaktl\u0113cas.<\/strong> J\u0101atceras, ka kontaktl\u0113cu lietot\u0101jiem stingri j\u0101iev\u0113ro to lieto\u0161anas, kop\u0161anas un higi\u0113nas noteikumi. Kontaktl\u0113cu lieto\u0161anai var b\u016bt:\n<ul>\n<li>ak\u016btas komplik\u0101cijas, piem\u0113ram, da\u017e\u0101du izsauc\u0113ju radzenes iekaisumi jeb kerat\u012bti, kas parasti ir saist\u012btas ar to lieto\u0161anas noteikumu neiev\u0113ro\u0161anu. Liekot kontaktl\u0113cu ac\u012b un \u0146emot \u0101r\u0101, veidojas mikrotraumi\u0146as, kas parasti ir ieejas v\u0101rti da\u017e\u0101diem mikroorganismiem, kas var rad\u012bt iekaisumu, t\u0101p\u0113c p\u0113c kontaktl\u0113cu iz\u0146em\u0161anas vakar\u0101 iesaku lietot g\u0113lu, kas sadzied\u0113 \u0161\u012bs mikrotraumas;<\/li>\n<li>hroniskas komplik\u0101cijas, piem\u0113ram, saus\u0101s acs sindroms (visbie\u017e\u0101kais) un plaksta konjunkt\u012bvas izmai\u0146as. Asaru pl\u0113v\u012bte p\u0101rkl\u0101j un mitrina radzenes virsmu, bet kontaktl\u0113cu lieto\u0161anas laik\u0101 asaru pl\u0113v\u012btei ir j\u0101mitrina gan radzenes virsma, gan kontaktl\u0113ca, kas ir dubults darbs, kas ar laiku izraisa saus\u0101s acs sindromu. T\u0101p\u0113c noteikti j\u0101lieto m\u0101ksl\u012bg\u0101s asaras bez konservantiem (kas neatst\u0101j nogulsnes uz kontaktl\u0113c\u0101m) kontaktl\u0113cu lieto\u0161anas laik\u0101.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Lai izvair\u012btos no abu veidu komplik\u0101cij\u0101m, iesaku acis maksim\u0101li atp\u016btin\u0101t no kontaktl\u0113cu lieto\u0161anas.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Katarakta.<\/strong> Katarakta jeb acs l\u0113cas apdu\u013c\u0137o\u0161an\u0101s skar visus cilv\u0113kus. L\u0113ca pak\u0101peniski s\u0101k apdu\u013c\u0137oties jau no 50 gadu vecuma (t\u0101 vairs nav t\u0101da k\u0101 20 gados). Kataraktas \u0101rst\u0113\u0161ana ir \u0137irur\u0123iska un, ja pacientam nav citas acu saslim\u0161anas, kas var ietekm\u0113t redzi (piem\u0113ram, bie\u017e\u0101kais \u2013 glaukoma, t\u012bklenes centr\u0101la de\u0123ener\u0101cija), prognoze p\u0113c oper\u0101cijas ir laba. Kataraktu oper\u0113, ja t\u0101 pasliktina redzi un par\u0101d\u0101s refrakcijas izmai\u0146as jeb miopiz\u0101cija \u2013 labas redzes atgrie\u0161an\u0101s tuvum\u0101 vai tuvuma bri\u013c\u013cu stipruma samazin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s ar vai bez astigm\u0101tisma par\u0101d\u012b\u0161an\u0101s. Tas saist\u0101ms ar l\u0113cas formas izmai\u0146\u0101m kataraktas d\u0113\u013c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-48051 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/rigasveseliba.lv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/katarakta-1024x401.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"401\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rigasveseliba.lv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/katarakta-1024x401.png 1024w, https:\/\/rigasveseliba.lv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/katarakta-300x117.png 300w, https:\/\/rigasveseliba.lv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/katarakta.png 1084w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>1.att. Kataraktas vizu\u0101lais att\u0113ls.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Glaukoma. <\/strong>Glaukoma ir saslim\u0161ana, kas nav iz\u0101rst\u0113jama, bet ir \u0101rst\u0113jama, lietojot acu spiediena pazemino\u0161us pilienus, t\u0101dej\u0101di pal\u0113ninot glaukomas progresiju un att\u0101linot akluma iest\u0101\u0161anos \u0161\u012bs slim\u012bbas d\u0113\u013c. Glaukomas oper\u0101cijas m\u0113r\u0137is ir samazin\u0101t acu spiedienu, ja to neizdodas izdar\u012bt konservat\u012bv\u0101 veid\u0101 jeb ar pilienu pilin\u0101\u0161anu. Pacientiem ar diagnostic\u0113tu glaukomu:\n<ul>\n<li>1 reizi 6 m\u0113ne\u0161os j\u0101dodas pie sava acu \u0101rsta uz pilnu acu apskati.<\/li>\n<li>1 reizi gad\u0101 j\u0101veic papildus izmekl\u0113jumi, lai noteiktu un sekotu l\u012bdzi glaukomas progres\u0113\u0161anas gaitai.<\/li>\n<li>1 reizi 3 m\u0113ne\u0161os vai 1 reizi m\u0113nes\u012b j\u0101m\u0113ra acu spiediens optikas veikal\u0101 vai pie sava \u0101rst\u0113jo\u0161\u0101 \u0101rsta, atkar\u012bb\u0101 k\u0101 \u0101rsts rekomend\u0113jis, kas ir atkar\u012bgs no acu spiediena stabilit\u0101tes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>T\u0101 k\u0101 glaukomai ir \u0123en\u0113tiska predispoz\u012bcija (jeb iedzimt\u012bbas raksturs), tad cilv\u0113kiem, kuru \u0123imen\u0113 ir bijusi glaukoma, regul\u0101ri j\u0101m\u0113ra acu spiediens un j\u0101apmekl\u0113 acu \u0101rsts. J\u0101\u0146em v\u0113r\u0101, ka glaukomas saslim\u0161anas simptomi nav izteikti, un l\u0113n\u0101s progres\u0113\u0161anas un cilv\u0113ku adapt\u0101cijas sp\u0113ju d\u0113\u013c pacients tos var nejust. Glaukomai rakstur\u012bga neatgriezeniska redzes lauka sa\u0161aurin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s l\u012bdz iest\u0101jas piln\u012bgs aklums.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-48052 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/rigasveseliba.lv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/glaukoma-1024x401.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"401\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rigasveseliba.lv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/glaukoma-1024x401.png 1024w, https:\/\/rigasveseliba.lv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/glaukoma-300x117.png 300w, https:\/\/rigasveseliba.lv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/glaukoma.png 1084w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>2.att. Glaukomas vizu\u0101lais att\u0113ls.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u012bklenes senilai jeb vecuma centr\u0101l\u0101s da\u013cas jeb makulas de\u0123ener\u0101cijai<\/strong> ir 2 formas. Ja saus\u0101 t\u012bklenes de\u0123ener\u0101cijas forma simptomus pacientam parasti nerada vai rada nelielus, tad eksudat\u012bvajai jeb mitrajai makulas de\u0123ener\u0101cijai kl\u012bniski rakstur\u012bga att\u0113la krop\u013co\u0161an\u0101s (l\u012bniju krop\u013co\u0161an\u0101s \u2013 Amslera tests) un redzes pasliktin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s centr\u0101li jeb redzes lauka vid\u016b. \u0160aj\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 tiek veikts OCT izmekl\u0113jums un lemts par intravitre\u0101lu injekciju veik\u0161anu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-48054 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/rigasveseliba.lv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/degeneracija-1024x401.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"401\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rigasveseliba.lv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/degeneracija-1024x401.png 1024w, https:\/\/rigasveseliba.lv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/degeneracija-300x117.png 300w, https:\/\/rigasveseliba.lv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/degeneracija.png 1084w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>3.att. Makulas de\u0123ener\u0101cijas vizu\u0101lais att\u0113ls.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Cilv\u0113kiem p\u0113c 60 gadu vecuma acu \u0101rsts j\u0101apmekl\u0113 1 reizi gad\u0101, jo acu saslim\u0161anu bie\u017eums ar gadiem palielin\u0101s.<\/li>\n<li>Saulesbrill\u0113m oblig\u0101ti j\u0101b\u016bt ar UV aizsardz\u012bbu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Diab\u0113tiska retinop\u0101tija, makulop\u0101tija.<\/strong> Pacientiem ar cukura diab\u0113tu acu \u0101rsts j\u0101apmekl\u0113 oblig\u0101ti 1 reizi gad\u0101 (vai 1 reizi 6 m\u0113ne\u0161os, ja t\u0101 noteicis acu \u0101rsts), jo viena no cukura diab\u0113ta komplik\u0101cij\u0101m ir saist\u012bta ar ac\u012bm: diab\u0113tiska retinop\u0101tija un makulop\u0101tija \u2013 specifiskas asinsvadu izmai\u0146as, kas var rad\u012bt t\u0101lejo\u0161as sekas uz pacienta redzi. \u013boti svar\u012bgi ir ne tikai nov\u0113roties pie acu \u0101rsta, bet ar\u012b pie endokrinologa, jo cukura diab\u0113ta ilgums un glikozes metabol\u0101 kompens\u0101cija ir tie\u0161i saist\u012bta ar komplik\u0101cij\u0101m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-48053 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/rigasveseliba.lv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/diabets-1024x401.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"401\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rigasveseliba.lv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/diabets-1024x401.png 1024w, https:\/\/rigasveseliba.lv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/diabets-300x117.png 300w, https:\/\/rigasveseliba.lv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/diabets.png 1084w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>4.att. Diab\u0113tisk\u0101s retinop\u0101tijas vizu\u0101lais att\u0113ls.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Jebk\u0101du ak\u016btu simptomu gad\u012bjum\u0101 pacientam nekav\u0113joties j\u0101v\u0113r\u0161as pie acu \u0101rsta.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Parasti saku: \u201cLabi redz\u0113t \u2013 t\u0101 ir dz\u012bves kvalit\u0101te\u201d, aicinot pacientus ne tikai \u0101rst\u0113t jau eso\u0161as acu saslim\u0161anas, bet par\u016bp\u0113ties ar\u012b par acu vesel\u012bbas profilaksi, neielai\u017eot un laic\u012bgi nov\u0113r\u0161ot acu saslim\u0161anu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Daina Dimdi\u0146a-Gorbunova,<\/p>\n<p>oftalmolo\u0123e, \u0137irur\u0123e<\/p>\n<p>\/no 09.02.2026. nestr\u0101d\u0101 R\u012bgas vesel\u012bbas centr\u0101\/<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","tags":[],"cust_order":"0220241029","acf_order":"2"}